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Author(s) Details:

Priya Ahuja
Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India

Divakar Goyal
Department of Trauma and Emergency, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India.

This section is a part of the chapter: Challenges in Diagnosing and Managing Self-Embedding Behavior: A Rare Case Report

SEB is commonly associated with three types of mental disorders: psychotic disorders, personality disorders, and factitious disorders, with the majority of affected patients presenting with psychotic symptoms (Mannarino et al., 2017). Despite the extensive body of literature available, diagnosing SEB can sometimes be challenging, making treatment decisions equally complex.

Here, we describe a case from our trauma emergency department, as part of a series of injuries treated in this setting, to highlight this condition’s clinical and management aspects.

How to Cite

Ahuja, P., & Goyal, D. (2025). Challenges in Diagnosing and Managing Self-Embedding Behavior: A Rare Case Report. Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 4, 94–100. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v4/4203

To Read the Complete Chapter See Here

Author(s) Details:

Alexandru Calin Grigorescu
Compartment of Medical Oncology, Clinical Hospital for Nephrology “Dr Carol Davila”, Calea Grivitei Nr4, Bucharest, Romania

This section is a part of the chapter: Tirosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) Used in the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Based on Specific Genetic Alterations

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Lung cancer causes more deaths than blood, colorectal, prostate, and brain cancers combined. In 2021, an estimated 235,760 new cases of lung cancer were diagnosed in the United States. The number of deaths was estimated at over 131,880. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common form of lung cancer, accounting for more than two-thirds of cases. Most patients (84%) have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis.

How to Cite

Nasrat, A. M., Nasrat, S. A., Nasrat, R. M., Nasrat, M. M., & Babiker, S. Y. (2025). Helicobacter pylori and Hyperuricemia: Revisiting Gout Diagnosis in Young Adults with Normal Renal Function. Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 4, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v4/3641

To Read the Complete Chapter See Here

Author(s) Details:

Khaled Jadallah
Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdullah University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.

Roberto De Giorgio
Department of Translational Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.

Rami Jadallah
Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdullah University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.

This section is a part of the chapter: Pharmacological Ad-vancements in the Management of Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review

Current research estimates indicate that the global prevalence of IBS ranges from 5% to 35% (Oka et al. 2020, Sperber et al. 2021, Black and Ford 2020). Variations in the prevalence of the IBS-C subtype are observed across different regions. In China, it is reported that between 40% and 50% of individuals diagnosed with IBS are affected by the IBS-C subtype, in contrast to Western countries, where this proportion is notably lower, ranging from 11% to 20% (Sperber et al. 2021, Moshiree and Rao 2021, Lacy et al. 2021). The considerable variation in the prevalence of IBS across different regions is likely attributable to the diverse methodologies employed in diagnosing the condition, as well as the impact of ethnic background on these rates. On a global scale, approximately 34% of patients with IBS are identified as having the IBS-C subtype (Schaper and Stengel 2022, Madva et al. 2023, Staudacher et al 2021, Grover et al 2021, Drossman 2016, Black et al. 2021). Individuals diagnosed with IBS-C commonly experience a variety of symptoms. These include straining during bowel movements, the presence of hard stools, a feeling of incomplete evacuation, bloating, and abdominal pain that tend to improve after defecation (Staudacher 2021, Fang et al. 2024, Teige et al. 2024, Noor-Mohammadi et al. 2024).

How to Cite

Jadallah, K., Giorgio, R. D., & Jadallah, R. (2025). Pharmacological Advancements in the Management of Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review. Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 4, 49–85. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v4/4177

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Author(s) Details:

Olufemi Oderinlo

Eye Foundation Hospital, 27 Isaac John Street, GRA Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.

Adekunle Olubola Hassan

Eye Foundation Hospital, 27 Isaac John Street, GRA Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.

Ogugua Okonkwo

Eye Foundation Hospital, 27 Isaac John Street, GRA Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.

This section is a part of the chapter: Inverted Flap Technique for Posttraumatic macula Hole Surgery in a Young Male Patient in Sub-Saharan Africa

Idiopathic MHs are caused by abnormal tangential vitreoretinal traction as opposed to anterior posterior traction hence surgical intervention has been tailored along this line (Gass, 1988, Johnson and Gass, 1998) In 1991, Kelly and Wendel were the first to describe a surgical approach to treat MHs, the rational of the surgery was the identification and treatment of vitreoretinal traction forces, along with the removal of the internal limiting membrane to facilitate retina mobility and hence closure (Oderinlo et al., 2020, Kelly and Wendel, 1991) Ever since, there have been various modifications to the technique improving anatomic closure rates and subsequently visual acuity improvements. Currently, most macular holes (around 85-90%) can be successfully closed using a procedure involving pars plana vitrectomy, dye-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling and gas tamponade (Tam et al., 2018). However, for certain types of holes like large MHs (defined as > 400 µm, according to the classification in the International Vitreomacular Traction Study), (Duker et al., 2018) longstanding MHs (>6 months), posttraumatic MHs, and those associated with myopia surgical failure are more common with closure rates as low as between 8 and 44% (Tam et al., 2018) in a recent report (Oderinlo et al., 2020).

How to Cite

Oderinlo, O., Hassan, A. O., & Okonkwo, O. (2025). Inverted Flap Technique for Posttraumatic macula Hole Surgery in a Young Male Patient in Sub-Saharan Africa. Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 4, 40–48. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v4/4157

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Author(s) Details:

Avi Mittal
Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India.

Nikita Malik
Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India.

Kavita Sihmar
Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India.

Nazuk Soni
Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India.

Priyanka
Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India.

Hemant Kumar
Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India.

Ajay
Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India.

Sujal
Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India.

This section is a part of the chapter: Stem Cell Breakthroughs: A Cure in Sight?

We’ve long known about the ability to regenerate a cell or tissues, but only recently, after extensive work done on regenerative medicine, we’re gaining more advancement in this field. Stem cells refer to any cells that can differentiate into different types of cells due to their self-renewable ability via cell division. Now for a cell to be considered a stem cell, it must tick out some criteria, like:

• The cell should be able to generate new progeny due to its self-renewable ability (Biehl and Russell 2009).
• The cell should be able to give rise to a specialized cell that can become a part of the human body.

Now, the difference between a cancer cell and a stem cell is that the division later is regulated, not uncontrolled, like in cancer cells.

How to Cite

Mittal, A., Malik, N., Sihmar, K., Soni, N., Priyanka, Kumar, H., Ajay, & Sujal. (2025). Stem Cell Breakthroughs: A Cure in Sight?. Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 4, 27–39. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v4/3313 

To Read the Complete Chapter See Here

Author(s) Details:

Abdullah M. Nasrat
Zaitona Medical Center, Medina, Saudi Arabia.

Rania Ashour
Al Hayat National Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia.

This section is a part of the chapter: An Approach for the Hematologic Challenges of Helicobacter pylori in Children: An Expensive Cost of Parents’ Misbehavior towards their Kids

Increasing evidences indicate that H. pylori is an important reason for causing gastric carcinoma and lymphoma (Andreoli, 2001; Baron, 2000). Gastric cancer is the world’s second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. H. pylori was classified as a type I (definitive) carcinogen, while prolonged residual MALT lymphoma could constitute an additional risk of gastric carcinoma (Farinha & Gascoyne 2005; Copie-Bergman et al., 2005).

It has been estimated that 1:30-1:60 of the UK population die from an H. Pylori related disease (Moayyedi & Axon 1998). All these reasons make H. Pylori eradication a necessary attempt (Nasrat et al., 2015).

How to Cite

Nasrat, A. M., & Ashour, R. (2025). An Approach for the Hematologic Challenges of Helicobacter pylori in Children: An Expensive Cost of Parents’ Misbehavior towards their Kids. Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 4, 20–26. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v4/4043

 

To Read the Complete Chapter See Here

Author(s) Details:

Hou Yongmei

Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Management, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, 523808, China.

This section is a part of the chapter: Pathogenic Factors of Tic Disorders in Children: Biological, Psychological and Social Factors

CTD is refractory and prone to recurrence. When it occurs, the tic movements of children are easily noticeable, which has a detrimental effect on their learning, socialization, and physical and mental development. It can also increase the stress and economic burden on the family members. CTD is often accompanied by various comorbidities, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), obsessive-compulsive disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), epilepsy (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), cervical spine injury (Isung et al., 2021), and sleep disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), which can easily lead to alcoholism, drug dependence, crime, and death (Virtanen et al., 2021).

How to Cite

Nasrat, A. M., Nasrat, S. A., Nasrat, R. M., Nasrat, M. M., & Babiker, S. Y. (2025). Helicobacter pylori and Hyperuricemia: Revisiting Gout Diagnosis in Young Adults with Normal Renal Function. Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 4, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v4/3641

To Read the Complete Chapter See Here

Author(s) Details:

Abdullah M Nasrat
Department of Surgery, Balghsoon Clinic, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Salwa AM Nasrat
Department of Physical Therapy, Cardiac Surgery Academy, Cairo, Egypt.

Randa M Nasrat
Department of Internal Medicine, Helwan General Hospital, Helwan, Egypt.

Mohammad M Nasrat
Department of Internal Medicine, Helwan General Hospital, Helwan, Egypt.

Sana Y Babiker
Faculty of Medicine, Elrazi University, Sudan.

This section is a part of the chapter: Helicobacter pylori and Hyperuricemia: Revisiting Gout Diagnosis in Young Adults with Normal Renal Function

Hyperuricemia could contribute to diabetes, hypertension and arteriosclerosis due to endothelial dysfunction triggered by vascular wall tissue inflammation because of urate crystal deposition. These reasons are sufficient to render physicians anxious in the immediate assessment and treatment of elevated serum uric acid levels. On the contrary, patients hesitate to accept the decision of their pre-gouty illness due to elevation of serum urate particularly if they are young and have perfect renal function. H. pylori could migrate or get forced to migrate to the colon leading to colonic re-absorptive error with excess accumulation of fluids and salts in the body; uric acid could be among these reabsorbed elements giving a picture of elevated serum uric acid levels that would have no relation to age of the individual or the integrity of his renal function. Furthermore, gout has been recently considered as one of the auto-inflammatory diseases, hence cytokines are the most common mediators of inflammation; therefore, the role played by the increased mucosal production of inflammatory mediators (cytokines) induced by H. pylori is supposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of gout. In this situation, hyperuricemia is not expected to be adequately or successfully improved by traditional urate-lowering measures regardless of the age of the patient or the state of his kidney function.

How to Cite

Nasrat, A. M., Nasrat, S. A., Nasrat, R. M., Nasrat, M. M., & Babiker, S. Y. (2025). Helicobacter pylori and Hyperuricemia: Revisiting Gout Diagnosis in Young Adults with Normal Renal Function. Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 4, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v4/3641

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Author(s) Details:

Chaitanya Kommu
Department of EEC, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, AP, India.

A Daisy Rani
Department of Instrument Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, AP, India.

This section is a part of the chapter: Presenting the Design of Low-Power High-Speed Two-Level Three input XOR Gate

Another way to realize the logic circuits is by using Pass Transistor Logic (PTL) as shown in Fig. 2. One input is applied at ‘A’ and the other input is at ‘B’, and signal ‘Y’ is taken as output. It is more attractive to circuit realization in terms of utilization of less number transistors (Yano et al. (1990), Oklobdzija and Duchene (1995), Marković, Nikolić, and Oklobdžija (2000), Wu (1992).

How to Cite

Kommu, C., & Rani, A. D. (2025). Presenting the Design of Low-Power High-Speed Two-Level Three input XOR Gate. Science and Technology: Developments and Applications Vol. 5, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/stda/v5/2365

 

To Read the Complete Chapter See Here

Author(s) Details:

Jaykumar D. Soni
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Niketa Patel
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

This Section is a Part of the Chapter: Clinical Perspectives on Range of Motion in Orthopedic Conditions

Orthopedic conditions such as osteoarthritis, rotator cuff injuries, and ligament tears are commonly associated with restrictions in Range of motion (ROM). These limitations can lead to joint stiffness, pain, and altered biomechanics, often resulting in compensatory movements that increase the risk of secondary injuries. In therapeutic contexts, restoring and optimizing ROM is a primary goal.

How to Cite

Soni, J. D. ., & Patel, N. . (2025). Clinical Perspectives on Range of Motion in Orthopedic Conditions. Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 5, 39–46. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v5/4192

To Read the Complete Chapter See Here