Category: Medical Science

Author(s) Details:

R Shibu

Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695011, India.

Shan AK

Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695011, India.

Akhil Kumar K

Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695011, India.

Binoy S

Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695011, India.

This section is a part of the chapter: Management of Charcot Neuroarthropathy of Foot with Hindfoot Retrograde Intramedullary Nail

Even though good clinical outcomes were reported by many authors regarding arthrodesis in CN patients, the choice of the most appropriate implant for arthrodesis is still an issue (Burns & Dunse 2017). Tibio-talo-calcaneal arthrodesis (TTCA) can be done to save CN patients from amputation (Lee et al., 2018). It can be done with plates and screws, screws alone, external fixators or retrograde nails (Shan et al., 2023). Dalla Paola L et al. reported good outcomes from TTCA done with retrograde interlocking nails in Charcot arthropathy without ulcerations (Dalla Paola et al., 2007). There are several studies regarding TTCA using various implants, but only a few studies with TTCA done with hindfoot retrograde intramedullary (IM) locking nails (Shan et al., 2023). The authors report the outcome of TTCA done with hind foot retrograde intramedullary nail, in patients with Charcot joint, after a minimum follow-up of one year using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot score (Van Lieshout et al., 2017).

How to Cite

Shibu, R., AK, S., K, A. K., & S, B. (2025). Management of Charcot Neuroarthropathy of Foot with Hindfoot Retrograde Intramedullary Nail. Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 4, 152–170. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v4/4184

 

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Author(s) Details:

Oderinlo Olufemi
Eye Foundation Hospital, GRA Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.

Bulus Stanley Sano
Department of Ophthalmology, Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Umeh Victor
Eye Foundation Hospital, GRA Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.

Lateefat Oshunkoya
|Eye Foundation Hospital, GRA Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.

Adekunle Hassan
Eye Foundation Hospital, GRA Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.

This section is a part of the chapter: Outcomes of Laser Photocoagulation for Goldberg Stage 3 Proliferative Sickle Cell Retinopathy (PSR) in an Eye Foundation Hospital: A Review

Eyes presenting at Goldberg stages 2 and 3 are generally believed to be the best stage for prophylactic retina laser photocoagulation (Amissah-Arthur & Mensah 2018).

Our study seeks to evaluate the regression of sea fan neovascularization (successful retina laser treatment) after prophylactic retina laser photocoagulation for Goldberg stage 3 PSR in our cohort of patients in sub-Saharan Africa (Olufemi et al., 2023).

How to Cite

Olufemi, O., Sano, B. S., Victor, U., Oshunkoya, L., & Hassan, A. (2025). Outcomes of Laser Photocoagulation for Goldberg Stage 3 Proliferative Sickle Cell Retinopathy (PSR) in an Eye Foundation Hospital: A Review. Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 4, 143–151. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v4/4154

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Author(s) Details:

Avraham Mayevsky
The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290092, Israel.

Michael Tolmasov
The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290092, Israel.

Mira Mandelbaum
The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290092, Israel.

This section is a part of the chapter: Real Time Assessment of Patients’ Body Oxygen Balance and Tissue Metabolic Score (TMS)

It is now 70 years since the significant work of Chance & Williams on mitochondrial metabolic state in vitro as summarized in Fig. 2, was published (Chance & Williams, 1955).

The discovery of the pyridine nucleotides was made by Harden & Young about 110 years ago (Harden & Young, 1906; 1905) and was followed by the  description of its full structure by Warburg and collaborators 30 years later (Warburg et al., 1935). All those historical studies led to the first detailed experiments, by Chance et al. (Chance et al., 1962), in which NADH (Nicotine amide adenine dinucleotide) fluorescence, was used as a marker of mitochondrial function of the brain and kidney in vivo in anesthetized animals.

How to Cite

Mayevsky, A., Tolmasov, M., & Mandelbaum, M. (2025). Real Time Assessment of Patients’ Body Oxygen Balance and Tissue Metabolic Score (TMS). Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 4, 101–142. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v4/4146

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Author(s) Details:

Priya Ahuja
Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India

Divakar Goyal
Department of Trauma and Emergency, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India.

This section is a part of the chapter: Challenges in Diagnosing and Managing Self-Embedding Behavior: A Rare Case Report

SEB is commonly associated with three types of mental disorders: psychotic disorders, personality disorders, and factitious disorders, with the majority of affected patients presenting with psychotic symptoms (Mannarino et al., 2017). Despite the extensive body of literature available, diagnosing SEB can sometimes be challenging, making treatment decisions equally complex.

Here, we describe a case from our trauma emergency department, as part of a series of injuries treated in this setting, to highlight this condition’s clinical and management aspects.

How to Cite

Ahuja, P., & Goyal, D. (2025). Challenges in Diagnosing and Managing Self-Embedding Behavior: A Rare Case Report. Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 4, 94–100. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v4/4203

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Author(s) Details:

Alexandru Calin Grigorescu
Compartment of Medical Oncology, Clinical Hospital for Nephrology “Dr Carol Davila”, Calea Grivitei Nr4, Bucharest, Romania

This section is a part of the chapter: Tirosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) Used in the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Based on Specific Genetic Alterations

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Lung cancer causes more deaths than blood, colorectal, prostate, and brain cancers combined. In 2021, an estimated 235,760 new cases of lung cancer were diagnosed in the United States. The number of deaths was estimated at over 131,880. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common form of lung cancer, accounting for more than two-thirds of cases. Most patients (84%) have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis.

How to Cite

Nasrat, A. M., Nasrat, S. A., Nasrat, R. M., Nasrat, M. M., & Babiker, S. Y. (2025). Helicobacter pylori and Hyperuricemia: Revisiting Gout Diagnosis in Young Adults with Normal Renal Function. Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 4, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v4/3641

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Author(s) Details:

Khaled Jadallah
Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdullah University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.

Roberto De Giorgio
Department of Translational Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.

Rami Jadallah
Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdullah University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.

This section is a part of the chapter: Pharmacological Ad-vancements in the Management of Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review

Current research estimates indicate that the global prevalence of IBS ranges from 5% to 35% (Oka et al. 2020, Sperber et al. 2021, Black and Ford 2020). Variations in the prevalence of the IBS-C subtype are observed across different regions. In China, it is reported that between 40% and 50% of individuals diagnosed with IBS are affected by the IBS-C subtype, in contrast to Western countries, where this proportion is notably lower, ranging from 11% to 20% (Sperber et al. 2021, Moshiree and Rao 2021, Lacy et al. 2021). The considerable variation in the prevalence of IBS across different regions is likely attributable to the diverse methodologies employed in diagnosing the condition, as well as the impact of ethnic background on these rates. On a global scale, approximately 34% of patients with IBS are identified as having the IBS-C subtype (Schaper and Stengel 2022, Madva et al. 2023, Staudacher et al 2021, Grover et al 2021, Drossman 2016, Black et al. 2021). Individuals diagnosed with IBS-C commonly experience a variety of symptoms. These include straining during bowel movements, the presence of hard stools, a feeling of incomplete evacuation, bloating, and abdominal pain that tend to improve after defecation (Staudacher 2021, Fang et al. 2024, Teige et al. 2024, Noor-Mohammadi et al. 2024).

How to Cite

Jadallah, K., Giorgio, R. D., & Jadallah, R. (2025). Pharmacological Advancements in the Management of Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review. Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 4, 49–85. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v4/4177

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Author(s) Details:

Olufemi Oderinlo

Eye Foundation Hospital, 27 Isaac John Street, GRA Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.

Adekunle Olubola Hassan

Eye Foundation Hospital, 27 Isaac John Street, GRA Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.

Ogugua Okonkwo

Eye Foundation Hospital, 27 Isaac John Street, GRA Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.

This section is a part of the chapter: Inverted Flap Technique for Posttraumatic macula Hole Surgery in a Young Male Patient in Sub-Saharan Africa

Idiopathic MHs are caused by abnormal tangential vitreoretinal traction as opposed to anterior posterior traction hence surgical intervention has been tailored along this line (Gass, 1988, Johnson and Gass, 1998) In 1991, Kelly and Wendel were the first to describe a surgical approach to treat MHs, the rational of the surgery was the identification and treatment of vitreoretinal traction forces, along with the removal of the internal limiting membrane to facilitate retina mobility and hence closure (Oderinlo et al., 2020, Kelly and Wendel, 1991) Ever since, there have been various modifications to the technique improving anatomic closure rates and subsequently visual acuity improvements. Currently, most macular holes (around 85-90%) can be successfully closed using a procedure involving pars plana vitrectomy, dye-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling and gas tamponade (Tam et al., 2018). However, for certain types of holes like large MHs (defined as > 400 µm, according to the classification in the International Vitreomacular Traction Study), (Duker et al., 2018) longstanding MHs (>6 months), posttraumatic MHs, and those associated with myopia surgical failure are more common with closure rates as low as between 8 and 44% (Tam et al., 2018) in a recent report (Oderinlo et al., 2020).

How to Cite

Oderinlo, O., Hassan, A. O., & Okonkwo, O. (2025). Inverted Flap Technique for Posttraumatic macula Hole Surgery in a Young Male Patient in Sub-Saharan Africa. Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 4, 40–48. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v4/4157

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Author(s) Details:

Avi Mittal
Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India.

Nikita Malik
Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India.

Kavita Sihmar
Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India.

Nazuk Soni
Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India.

Priyanka
Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India.

Hemant Kumar
Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India.

Ajay
Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India.

Sujal
Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India.

This section is a part of the chapter: Stem Cell Breakthroughs: A Cure in Sight?

We’ve long known about the ability to regenerate a cell or tissues, but only recently, after extensive work done on regenerative medicine, we’re gaining more advancement in this field. Stem cells refer to any cells that can differentiate into different types of cells due to their self-renewable ability via cell division. Now for a cell to be considered a stem cell, it must tick out some criteria, like:

• The cell should be able to generate new progeny due to its self-renewable ability (Biehl and Russell 2009).
• The cell should be able to give rise to a specialized cell that can become a part of the human body.

Now, the difference between a cancer cell and a stem cell is that the division later is regulated, not uncontrolled, like in cancer cells.

How to Cite

Mittal, A., Malik, N., Sihmar, K., Soni, N., Priyanka, Kumar, H., Ajay, & Sujal. (2025). Stem Cell Breakthroughs: A Cure in Sight?. Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 4, 27–39. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v4/3313 

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Author(s) Details:

Abdullah M. Nasrat
Zaitona Medical Center, Medina, Saudi Arabia.

Rania Ashour
Al Hayat National Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia.

This section is a part of the chapter: An Approach for the Hematologic Challenges of Helicobacter pylori in Children: An Expensive Cost of Parents’ Misbehavior towards their Kids

Increasing evidences indicate that H. pylori is an important reason for causing gastric carcinoma and lymphoma (Andreoli, 2001; Baron, 2000). Gastric cancer is the world’s second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. H. pylori was classified as a type I (definitive) carcinogen, while prolonged residual MALT lymphoma could constitute an additional risk of gastric carcinoma (Farinha & Gascoyne 2005; Copie-Bergman et al., 2005).

It has been estimated that 1:30-1:60 of the UK population die from an H. Pylori related disease (Moayyedi & Axon 1998). All these reasons make H. Pylori eradication a necessary attempt (Nasrat et al., 2015).

How to Cite

Nasrat, A. M., & Ashour, R. (2025). An Approach for the Hematologic Challenges of Helicobacter pylori in Children: An Expensive Cost of Parents’ Misbehavior towards their Kids. Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 4, 20–26. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v4/4043

 

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Author(s) Details:

Hou Yongmei

Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Management, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, 523808, China.

This section is a part of the chapter: Pathogenic Factors of Tic Disorders in Children: Biological, Psychological and Social Factors

CTD is refractory and prone to recurrence. When it occurs, the tic movements of children are easily noticeable, which has a detrimental effect on their learning, socialization, and physical and mental development. It can also increase the stress and economic burden on the family members. CTD is often accompanied by various comorbidities, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), obsessive-compulsive disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), epilepsy (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), cervical spine injury (Isung et al., 2021), and sleep disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), which can easily lead to alcoholism, drug dependence, crime, and death (Virtanen et al., 2021).

How to Cite

Nasrat, A. M., Nasrat, S. A., Nasrat, R. M., Nasrat, M. M., & Babiker, S. Y. (2025). Helicobacter pylori and Hyperuricemia: Revisiting Gout Diagnosis in Young Adults with Normal Renal Function. Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 4, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v4/3641

To Read the Complete Chapter See Here